Abrupt pump stopping is followed by a pressure drop as the water column continues traveling along the line.
The returning column hits the closed pump check valve, creating a high pressure surge wave, which travels at up to 4 Mach.
Eliminating such surge requires anticipation and pre-action.
Surge Anticipating Valves react to the pressure drop, accepting the returning column while already open, thus eliminating the surge.
For road-crossing where the fluid carrying pipe cannot be buried directly. The movement of heavy vehicles will transfer impact loads and can damage pipeline with leaking water or gas etc. In all such cases, the carrier pipe is inserted into a sleeve pipe. Spacers allow the carrier pipe to be easily pulled into the existing sleeve pipe and the traffic loads do not reach the main service pipelines. Small size carrier pipes DN50 to very large DN3000
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